The Scope of the Problem
Each year, more than 3 million older adults are treated in emergency rooms for fall injuries. One in five falls causes a serious injury such as a broken bone or head injury. Beyond the physical harm, falls can trigger a cycle of fear, reduced activity, and declining health.
The good news: most falls can be prevented with simple, proactive measures.
Understanding What Causes Falls
Falls are rarely caused by just one thing. Common risk factors include:
- Medical: balance disorders, muscle weakness, vision problems, medication side effects
- Environmental: loose rugs, poor lighting, slippery floors, lack of grab bars
- Behavioral: rushing, carrying items that block vision, wearing inappropriate footwear
Room-by-Room Safety Checklist
Bathroom
- Install grab bars in the shower/tub and near the toilet (not a towel bar — it won't hold weight)
- Use a non-slip mat in the shower and tub
- Consider a shower chair or handheld showerhead
- Ensure nighttime lighting is adequate
Bedroom
- Make sure there's a clear path from the bed to the bathroom
- Use a nightlight or motion-activated lighting
- Keep frequently used items within easy reach
- Consider a bed rail if getting in and out of bed is difficult
Living Areas
- Remove or secure loose rugs and electrical cords
- Arrange furniture to create clear walking paths
- Ensure adequate lighting, especially at night
- Keep remote controls, phones, and essentials nearby to avoid rushing
Kitchen
- Store frequently used items between hip and shoulder height
- Use a step stool with a handle if reaching is necessary (never a chair)
- Clean up spills immediately
Stairs
- Ensure handrails are present on both sides and are secure
- Mark the edges of steps with bright tape if visibility is poor
- Consider a stairlift for those with significant mobility limitations
Medical Considerations
- Medication review: Ask your doctor or pharmacist to review all medications for fall-risk side effects (blood pressure medications, sedatives, and many others can increase fall risk)
- Vision check: Annual eye exams are important — even small changes in vision increase fall risk
- Exercise: Balance and strength training programs like Tai Chi have been shown to significantly reduce falls
Resources in Massachusetts
- A Matter of Balance — a fall prevention program offered through many MA councils on aging
- Stay Active and Independent for Life (SAIL) — exercise program for older adults
- Your local COA — can connect you to fall prevention programs in your community
Professional Home Safety Assessments
Answers for Elders provides professional in-home safety assessments. Our care managers identify specific risks in your loved one's home and recommend modifications to reduce fall risk.
Call (781) 974-7474 to schedule an assessment.
